Question: Respected Marjaʼ Ayatullāh al-Udhmā Sayyid Ali al-Sistani Dāma Dhilluh, As-Salāmu ʿalaykum wa Rahmatullāhi wa Barakātuh. From time to time we come across some characters amongst the youth in the institutes of higher religious learning (Hawzāt al-ʿilmiyya) and other places, who claim to be endowed with ʿIrfan and inner purity, and they…
Read More »Al-Farabi (d. 950 CE) Dr. Herbert A. Davidson writes: “The universe envisioned by al-Farabi is fashioned of Aristotelian bricks and of mortar borrowed from Neoplatonic philosophy. Aristotle, who of course had no notion of centripetal or centrifugal force, had pictured a universe in which the heavenly bodies are continually borne around a…
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